> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://developers.kardinal.ai/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Case studies by industry

> Combined, realistic examples of Kardinal modeling the constraints that make each logistics vertical distinctive.

Each page below picks one vertical and stacks its most distinctive constraints onto a single realistic payload — a small fleet and a handful of stops, not the isolated mechanism-by-mechanism examples in the [guides](/guides/advanced-constraints). Use them to check, at a glance, whether Kardinal's constraint model fits how your operation actually works.

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Parcel & express" icon="box" href="/case-studies/parcel-express">
    PUDO gated by capacity, driver zone preferences, a mixed last-mile fleet, predictive traffic.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Waste collection" icon="trash" href="/case-studies/waste-collection">
    Alternative disposal outlets, material changeover time, incompatible loads, heavy-vehicle routing.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Cold-chain last-mile" icon="snowflake" href="/case-studies/cold-chain-last-mile">
    Single-mode-at-a-time refrigerated compartments, trusted-keychain deliveries, zone preference, predictive traffic.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Field services" icon="wrench" href="/case-studies/field-services">
    Preferred seniority on demanding jobs, opportunistic scheduling, a travel-distance cap between jobs, technicians starting from home.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Bulky & heavy goods" icon="couch" href="/case-studies/bulky-heavy-goods">
    Capacity-gated customer returns, a subcontractor revenue floor, equipment-dependent service time, two-person crews.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Heavy long distance" icon="truck" href="/case-studies/heavy-long-distance">
    Reserved warehouse slots, load-aware CO2 accounting, self-closing consolidation loops, a real overnight rest.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Retail last-mile" icon="store" href="/case-studies/retail-last-mile">
    Key-holder-only access windows, blended subcontractor/in-house costs, pre-opening store drops, trusted-keychain deliveries.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>